Tense

Definition :

        Tense k‡ãi A_© Kvj, Avi †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi mgq‡K Tense e‡j| Tense g~jZ wZb cÖKvi, h_v-

        (i) Present tense  (ii) Past tense  (iii) Future tense

        cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi Tense ‡K Avevi Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡æ cÖ‡Z¨K Tense msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj-

Present Indefinite tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv eZ©gv‡b †Kvb KvR Kiv, nIqv, Af¨vm ev wPiš—b mZ¨ eySvq Zv‡K Present Indefinite tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l A, B, G, I, i, h BZ¨vw` _v‡K,

        Structure:  Sub + verb Gi Present form + Ext.

        Note:  present Indefinite tense G subject hw` third person Singular number nq Z‡e main verb Gi mv‡_ s/es ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|

        Example: He goes to school.

Present Continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv eZ©gv‡b †Kvb KvR Pj‡Q / n‡”Q eySvq Zv‡K Present Continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv †Pbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †ZwQ, ‡Z‡Q, †Z‡Q, w”Q, ”Q, †”Q BZ¨vw` e‡m

        Structure: Subject + am/is / are + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext:

        Example: I am writing a Letter.

Present Prefect tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR GBgvÎ †kl n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi dj GLbI we`¨gvb eySvq Zv‡K Present perfect tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l BqvwQ, BqvQ, Bqv‡Q, Bqv‡Qb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K|

Structure: Sub + have / has +  gyj verb Gi past participle + Ext.

        Example: He has written a Letter.

Present perfect continuous:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR c~e© †_‡K ïi“ n‡q GLbI Pj‡Q eySvq Zv‡K present perfect continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        ‡ZwQ, †ZQ, †Z‡Q, †Z‡Qb, w”Q, ”Q, †”Q BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K Ges Zvi mv‡_ GKwU mg‡qi D‡j­L _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + have been/ has been + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext.

        Example: He has been reading the book for two hours.

Past Indefinite tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv AZxZ Kv‡j †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ Kiv n‡qwQj eySvq Zv‡K Past Indefinite tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l j, †j, jvg BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K|

        Structure: cÖ_‡g sub + gyj verb Gi Past form + Ext.

        Example: He went to school.

Past continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR PjwQj ev nw”Qj eySvq Zv Zv‡K past continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †ZwQjvg, †ZwQg, †ZwQ‡j, †ZwQ‡jb/ w”Qjvg, w”Qj, w”Q‡j, w”Q‡jb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Subject + was, were + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext.

        Example: He was writing a Letter.

Past perfect tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR wbw`©ó AZxZ NUbvi c~‡e© msNwUZ n‡qwQj eySvq Zv‡K past perfect tense e‡j|

        evsjv wPbvi Dcvq: AZxZ Kv‡j `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwU c~‡e© m¤úbœ n‡e Zv n‡e past perfect Ges †hwU c‡i n‡e Zv n‡e past Indefinite tense.

        Structure: Sub + had + g~j verb Gi past participle + Ext.

        Example:

        (i) The patient had died be fore the doctor came.

        (ii) The patient died after the doctor had come.

Past perfect continuous:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR wbw`©ó AZxZ NUbvi c~‡e© / `xN©Kvj mgq a‡i PjwQj eySvq Zv‡K past perfect continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †ZwQjvg, ‡ZwQj, †ZwQ‡jb/ w”Qjvg, w”Qj, w”Q‡j BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K Ges Zvi mv‡_ GKwU wbw`©ó mgq D‡j­L _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + had been + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext.

        Example. I had been reading the book for two hours.

Future Indefinite tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z msNwUZ n‡e eySvq Future Indefinite tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l e, †e, ‡eb, we BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + shall / will + verb Gi Present form + Ext.

        Example: I shall do the work.

Future continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR wKQy mgq a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySvq Zv‡K Future continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †Z _vKe, †Z _vKev, †Z _vK‡e, †Z _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + Shall be + will be + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext

        Ext. He will be writing a Letter.

Future perfect tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Zi †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q m¤úbœ n‡Z _vK‡e eySvq Zv‡K Future perfect tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l Bqv _vKe, Bqv _vKev, B‡q _vK‡e, B‡q _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub+shall have/will have + g~j verb Gi past participle form+Ext.

        Example: I shall have done the work.

Future perfect continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z wbw`©ó mgq ch©š— Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySvq Zv‡K Future perfect continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †Z _vKe, †Z _vKev, †Z _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` Ges GKwU mg‡qi D‡j­L _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + shall have been / will have been + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM n‡e|

            Example: I shall have been reading the book for two hours