Right form of Verbs

Rule – 1

        ‡h me †¶‡Î verb Gi present form nq-

        (i)     Present Indefinite tense Gi g‡a¨ verb Gi present form nq

                ‡hgb: He plays foot ball

        (ii)    Future Indefinite Sentence Gi g‡a¨ verb Gi present form nq,

                ‡hgb: They will go to school

        (iii)    “Infinitive to” Gi ci verb Gi present form nq

        (iv)   Modal verb (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must)Gi ci g~j verb Gi present form nq,

        (v)    Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, Let, gong to, ought to, need, dare BZ¨vw` Gi ci g~j verb Gi present form nq,

Rule – 2

        ‡h me †¶‡Î verb Gi mv‡_ ing nq,

        (i)     me Continuous tense – G verb Gi mv‡_ ing nq,

                ‡hgb: They are enjoying the game.

        (ii)    me prefect continuous tense G verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM nq,

                ‡hgb: He has been reading a novel for two hours .

        (iii)    Preposition Gi ci verb Gi mv‡_ ing  ‡hvM nq,

                ‡hgb: He played football instead of studying.

        (iv)   `y‡Uv verb cvkvcvwk _vK‡j Second verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM nq,

                Example: He came running towards me.

        (v)    Gerund Ges Present participle Gi †¶‡Î verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM nq,

                Example: Swimming is a good exercise

        (vi)   It is of no use, it is worth of, it is no good, with a view to, look forward to, can/ could not help BZ¨vw`i c‡i verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Kiv nq|

        Example: It is no good playing at the time of study.

Rule –3

        ‡h me †¶‡Î verb Gi past form nq,

        (i)     Past Indefinite tense affirmative n‡j verb Gi past form nq,

                Example: He directed the movie.

        (ii)    It is time, it is high time, fancy, wish BZ¨vw` †Kvb Sentence Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡j verb wU past form nq,

        Example: It is high time we started journey.

Rule – 4

        ‡h me †¶‡Î verb Gi past participle nq,

        (i)     me perfect tense- G verb Gi past participle form nq,

                Example: We have memorized the words.

        (ii)    me passive voice Gi g‡a¨ verb Gi past participle form nq,

                Example: The letter is written by me.

        (iii)    Model verb Gi ci be/ have _vK‡j Gi c‡ii verb wU past participle form nq,

                Example: I must have done the work.

        (iv)   Having / being / be Gi ci c‡i g~j verb past participle form e‡m|

                ‡hgb: Having finished the work, he went away.

        (v)    Have, has, had, get, got, Gi ci main verb Gi past participle form e‡m,

                Example: He got the letter posted.

Rule – 5

        ‡Kvb Sentence G Everyday, regularly, generally, usually, normally, daily, Occasionally, Sometimes, often, BZ¨vw` _v‡K †mB Sentence wU present Indefinite tense nq,

        Example: He goes to school everyday.

Rule - 6

        ‡Kvb Sentence G Yesterday, ago, long ago, long since, last, in those day, once BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Sentence wU past Indefinite tense nq,

        Example: He went to school yesterday.

Rule – 7

        ‡Kvb Sentence G tomorrow, the next day, the following day BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Sentence wU Future Indefinite tense nq,

        Example: I will go to school tomorrow.

Rule – 8

        ‡Kvb Sentence Gi g‡a¨ Now, at this moment, at present BZ¨vw` _vK‡j †mB Sentence wU present continuous tense nq,

        Example: I am going to school now.

Rule – 9

        ‡Kvb Sentence G then, at that moment BZ¨vw` _vK‡j †mB Sentence wU Past Continuous tense nq|

        Example: I was going to market then,

Rule – 10

        ‡Kvb Sentence G Ñ just , just now, Recently, lately, already, yet, ever BZ¨vw` _vK‡j †mB Sentence wU present perfect tense nq,

        Example: He has gone to school just now.

Rule – 11

        Past Indefinite + after + past perfect

                Example: The patient died after the doctor had come.

Rule –12

        Past perfect tense + before + past indefinite

        Example: The patient had died before the doctor came

Rule –13

        ‡Kvb Sentence G Since / for – preposition wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡j ‡mB Sentence wU Symbol Abymv‡i KL‡bv present perfect continuous ev past perf. conti ev Future perfect continuous tense n‡e,

        Example: It has been raining since morning.

Rule – 14

        present tense + as if / as though + past Indefinite.

        Example: He talks as if he knew every thing.

Rule – 15

        Past Indefinite + as it / as though + past perfect tense

        Example: He talked as if  he had known everything.

Rule – 16

        Present tense + since + past Indefinite.

        Example: It is many years since I saw you.

Rule –17

        Past Indefinite + since + past perfect

        Example: It was many years since I had seen you.

Rule – 18

        No sooner had – than, hardly had ...... when, Scarcely had-when BZ¨vw` _vK‡j _vK‡j cÖ_g Bracket Gi verb past participle form nq, 2q Bracket Gi verb wU past form nq,

        Example: No sooner had the boy seen the police than he ran away.

Rule – 19

        ‡Kvb Sentence G Lest _vK‡j Sentence wU‡Z Lest + Sub + should + verb Gi present form nq,

        Example: Run fast, Lest you should miss the train.

Rule – 20

        While Gi ci Sub _vK‡j †mB Clause wU past Continuous tense nq,

        Example: While he was playing he got injured.

Rule – 21

        While Gi ci Subject bv _vK‡j Bracket Gi verb Gi mv‡_ ing nq,

        Example: While playing, he got injured.

Rule – 22

        Had + Sub + verb Gi past participle form, sub + should/ could / would / might + have + g~j verb Gi past participle + Ext.

        Example: Had you come, I would have gone with you.

Rule –23

        Would that / I wish + sub + could + g~j verb Gi present form.

        Example: Would that I could go there.

Rule –24

        Sub + wish + sub Gi ci (be) _vK‡j be ci cwie‡Z© were nq, Z‡e Ab¨- verb _vK‡j verb wU past form nq,

        Example: (i) I wish I were a child again, (ii) I wish I sang

Rule – 25

        Compound / Complex Sentence G GKUv Clause past tense G _vK‡j Ab¨vwU I past tense nq, Z‡e Universal truth Gi †¶‡Î present tense nq,

        Example: When he finished the work, he went to bed.

Rule – 26

        Desire, Promise, decide, dare, want, refuse, expect, hope, BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jvi cieZx© verb Gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ Infinitive to e‡m,

        Example: He decided to go there.

Rule – 27

        wKQy verb Av‡Q hv‡`i c‡i object ev Complement wn‡m‡e ïay Gerund e‡m, verb ¸‡jv n‡”Q Admit, appreciate, avoid, burst out, consider, delay, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, forgive, give up, imagine BZ¨vw`|

Example: John admitted stealing the Jewels.

Tense

Definition :

        Tense k‡ãi A_© Kvj, Avi †Kvb Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi mgq‡K Tense e‡j| Tense g~jZ wZb cÖKvi, h_v-

        (i) Present tense  (ii) Past tense  (iii) Future tense

        cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi Tense ‡K Avevi Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡æ cÖ‡Z¨K Tense msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj-

Present Indefinite tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv eZ©gv‡b †Kvb KvR Kiv, nIqv, Af¨vm ev wPiš—b mZ¨ eySvq Zv‡K Present Indefinite tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l A, B, G, I, i, h BZ¨vw` _v‡K,

        Structure:  Sub + verb Gi Present form + Ext.

        Note:  present Indefinite tense G subject hw` third person Singular number nq Z‡e main verb Gi mv‡_ s/es ‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|

        Example: He goes to school.

Present Continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv eZ©gv‡b †Kvb KvR Pj‡Q / n‡”Q eySvq Zv‡K Present Continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv †Pbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †ZwQ, ‡Z‡Q, †Z‡Q, w”Q, ”Q, †”Q BZ¨vw` e‡m

        Structure: Subject + am/is / are + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext:

        Example: I am writing a Letter.

Present Prefect tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR GBgvÎ †kl n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi dj GLbI we`¨gvb eySvq Zv‡K Present perfect tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l BqvwQ, BqvQ, Bqv‡Q, Bqv‡Qb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K|

Structure: Sub + have / has +  gyj verb Gi past participle + Ext.

        Example: He has written a Letter.

Present perfect continuous:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR c~e© †_‡K ïi“ n‡q GLbI Pj‡Q eySvq Zv‡K present perfect continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        ‡ZwQ, †ZQ, †Z‡Q, †Z‡Qb, w”Q, ”Q, †”Q BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K Ges Zvi mv‡_ GKwU mg‡qi D‡j­L _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + have been/ has been + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext.

        Example: He has been reading the book for two hours.

Past Indefinite tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv AZxZ Kv‡j †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ Kiv n‡qwQj eySvq Zv‡K Past Indefinite tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l j, †j, jvg BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K|

        Structure: cÖ_‡g sub + gyj verb Gi Past form + Ext.

        Example: He went to school.

Past continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR PjwQj ev nw”Qj eySvq Zv Zv‡K past continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †ZwQjvg, †ZwQg, †ZwQ‡j, †ZwQ‡jb/ w”Qjvg, w”Qj, w”Q‡j, w”Q‡jb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Subject + was, were + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext.

        Example: He was writing a Letter.

Past perfect tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR wbw`©ó AZxZ NUbvi c~‡e© msNwUZ n‡qwQj eySvq Zv‡K past perfect tense e‡j|

        evsjv wPbvi Dcvq: AZxZ Kv‡j `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwU c~‡e© m¤úbœ n‡e Zv n‡e past perfect Ges †hwU c‡i n‡e Zv n‡e past Indefinite tense.

        Structure: Sub + had + g~j verb Gi past participle + Ext.

        Example:

        (i) The patient had died be fore the doctor came.

        (ii) The patient died after the doctor had come.

Past perfect continuous:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR wbw`©ó AZxZ NUbvi c~‡e© / `xN©Kvj mgq a‡i PjwQj eySvq Zv‡K past perfect continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †ZwQjvg, ‡ZwQj, †ZwQ‡jb/ w”Qjvg, w”Qj, w”Q‡j BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K Ges Zvi mv‡_ GKwU wbw`©ó mgq D‡j­L _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + had been + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext.

        Example. I had been reading the book for two hours.

Future Indefinite tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z msNwUZ n‡e eySvq Future Indefinite tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l e, †e, ‡eb, we BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + shall / will + verb Gi Present form + Ext.

        Example: I shall do the work.

Future continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR wKQy mgq a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySvq Zv‡K Future continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †Z _vKe, †Z _vKev, †Z _vK‡e, †Z _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + Shall be + will be + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing + Ext

        Ext. He will be writing a Letter.

Future perfect tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Zi †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q m¤úbœ n‡Z _vK‡e eySvq Zv‡K Future perfect tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l Bqv _vKe, Bqv _vKev, B‡q _vK‡e, B‡q _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` hy³ _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub+shall have/will have + g~j verb Gi past participle form+Ext.

        Example: I shall have done the work.

Future perfect continuous tense:

        ‡h tense Øviv †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z wbw`©ó mgq ch©š— Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySvq Zv‡K Future perfect continuous tense e‡j|

evsjv wPbvi Dcvq:

        evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †Z _vKe, †Z _vKev, †Z _vK‡eb BZ¨vw` Ges GKwU mg‡qi D‡j­L _v‡K,

        Structure: Sub + shall have been / will have been + g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM n‡e|

            Example: I shall have been reading the book for two hours